Marketing Report -- Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Report -- Case Study - Essay Example Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 4 Marketing Situation 4 Marketing Strategies 5 Motivation of Employees 6 Building Blocks of Internal Marketing 6 Implementation of Internal Marketing Activities 7 Current Marketing Strategies 9 Alternative Strategy and Their Impact 9 1. Centralized Strategic Planning Resource 9 2. Senior Management Participation 10 3. Performance Appraisal Criteria 10 Recommendation 11 Conclusion 12 References 13 Marketing Situation In today’s competitive market, customer satisfaction is an important factor that should be undertaken by every organization. The theoretical context of customer satisfaction was first operationalized in the year 1985. Customers can be satisfied once the organization is able to identify the expectation level of the customers. The company will be able to achieve the expectation level of the customer only if the internal employees are happy and satisfied. The employees are internal customers for the organization, thus, it is neces sary to take care of their staffs or employees because they are involved in assisting the customers. In ING Direct call centre department, the calls are answered by their employees. The employee motivation is also an important way to meet the customers’ expectation and therefore the company will be able to achieve the sustainable growth. ... ING Direct is also highly dependent on the employees’ satisfaction as the company provides financial services where the employees have the responsibility to interact with the customers for generating their faith and trust (Rafiq & Ahmed, 2000). Marketing Strategies The strategies are the plans of an organization to achieve goals and objectives which show direction to the organization. The strategies are developed at different levels such as corporate, business, divisional and departmental level. All the strategies are integrated to form a plan for the organization as a whole. The support from the other components of business unit function such as production, finance and R&D are necessary to achieve the marketing objectives. Every department is inter-related and has to combine together in an integrated manner while taking a strategic decision (Corey, 2003). Marketing strategies mainly focus on long term competitive and consumer advantages and are composed of different elements. These are the strategies related to selection of product and market, deciding the price of a product, finding out the best possible distribution system, i.e. wholesale or retail channel and creating awareness of the product to different customers through advertisement in newspaper, television and others (Corey, 2003). The strategies are driven by cost, technology, distribution, service or other competitive advantages of the firm to turn out to be successful, but the company is required to be consistent with customers’ needs, perception and preferences (Wind & Robertson, 1983). According to Mornay Roberts-Lombard (2007), internal marketing emphasizes on the teamwork of the employees in developing and retaining successful business strategies. The internal marketing means that

Two Superpowers Essay Example for Free

Two Superpowers Essay The two superpowers of the 1930’s, Americans and the Soviet Union, were starting to have a few disagreements, which initiated the COLD WAR’s BEGINNING. The ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR started when the Americans and the Soviets found out they had different systems of economy. Then the Americans and Soviets started to lose trust in each other. In the Yalta Conference, Stalin promised an established â€Å"broadly representative† government and free elections in Eastern Europe and to divide Germany only temporarily into zones of occupation, but he didn’t follow through. After, the American’s needed to MEET THE SOVIET CHALLENGE, because Truman thought that the Stalin had ambitions toward world domination. He wanted to face the Soviets head on. He feared that if the US retreated to isolation the peace and welfare of the nations would be in danger. To solve the soviet challenge, the Americans felt the needed to CONTAIN THE SOVIET EXPANSION. They created the Marshall Plan, which would provide food to famine, fuel to warm houses and factories, and jump start the economic growth. It would help them also by increasing their trade with other nations. After everything that happen the COLD WAR starts to HEAT UP. Stalin gets frustrated and wanted the East Berliners to stay in the East and not go over to the prosperous West. He blockades the roads, stops barges and blocks railways, but the Americans found a way to overcome that challenge, and used airplanes. The Americans made NATO, and the Soviets created the Warsaw Pact. Many things contributed to how the Cold War begins like, the Soviet Challenge, how Americans needed to meet the Soviet Challenge, and the how the Cold War heated up.

Longs Peak :: essays research papers

LONGS PEAK Deep in the heart of the Rockies lies the small mountain village of Estes Park, Colorado. Estes Park borders Rocky Mountain National Park and it was my summer retreat. Never in my life had I seen someplace taken directly out of a fairy tale. The mountains swallowed the town. One particular mountain immediately caught my eye. I knew that it had to be the tallest, for it was the only mountain that was still covered in May snow. I later learned that the enormous mountain was Longs Peak. Longs Peak happened to be a “fourteener", a Colorado mountain over fourteen thousand feet. The mountain could be seen from every corner of the park as well as from distant cities such as Denver or Boulder, which were well over fifty miles away. The mountain held an intense mystification for me. It reminded me of a Cardinals game, which I saw prior to my visit to Estes Park. Mark McGuire was coming up to bat, and shocks rippled down my spine when I saw him. An atomic power radiated from him. Even though there were several other players on the field I simply could not keep my eyes off him. Longs Peak also stood head and shoulders over the other players. I had to climb Longs Peak before I left Estes Park. I felt a call that told me if I failed to climb the mountain I would be missing out on a life changing opportunity. Perhaps I wanted to climb it because everyday when I went outside, it was the first thing I saw. Maybe I wanted simply to prove to myself that I could do anything that I set my mind and body to. I am not sure what it was; all I know is that it was constantly in the back of my head pushing me. Longs Peak is an extremely difficult and technical climb. It offers challenges to every level of climbers, especially to a slacker like myself. The trail is only a little over eight miles long. It has a very steep elevation gain of over four thousand feet. The climb takes over two days of intensely strenuous hiking. Water is the most important thing in climbing; the body must remain fully hydrated at all times in order to maximize best performance. It is extremely unsafe to climb alone; therefore, my friend Bobby accompanied me on the expedition.

Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr): Bangladesh Perspectives Essay

Corporate means formed into an association and endowed by law with the rights and liabilities of an individual. Social responsibility is an ethical ideology or theory that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society- at- large. This responsibility can be passive, by avoiding engaging in socially harmful acts, or active, by performing activities that directly advance social goals. To find a universally agreed definition of CSR is difficult if not impossible. Rather than adding to the futile debate on what elements constitute CSR, we choose to focus on the broader principles upheld by CSR. We view CSR as a universal business strategic imperative that can be ‘localized’ to suit organization’s business objectives. It is not a question of ‘one size fits all’. A definition of CSR has come up in Bangladesh as â€Å"a set of business practices based on ethical norms and transparency that contributes to the sustainable development of internal and external stakeholder in the best interest of business, society and environment†. While debate continues regarding elements that define CSR, few can deny that CSR practice improves operational efficiency, increases standards and reliability in the supply chain, and positively affects employee motivation and loyalty which, in turn, leads to greater productivity. Other drivers for companies to engage their stakeholders include the fact that CSR practice strengthens a business’s license to operate. By facilitating services needed in the community in which a company is seeking entry, CSR practice often enables the company to gain popularity with its customer base, which, in turn, leads to increase sales or retention of market share. It is important to note, however, that CSR practice is not exclusively for the large companies; neither is it only for those whose concerns are in the export business. Such prevalent misperceptions need immediate rectification, particularly in Bangladesh, where all businesses, both large and small, can enhance their competitiveness through greater adoption and implementation of CSR. By embracing the values of CSR, the Bangladesh private sector can send a strong signal to the global market that they are discharging their commitments to society. Failing to do so voluntarily inevitably leads to adverse external pressure, often with more strict guidelines and under extremely tight timelines. The Centre will help the private sector be more proactive rather than reactive. CSR practice in Bangladesh is a relatively new phenomenon and is often misperceived as philanthropy or charity. Also, very often, there is a clear lack of integration of CSR with core business strategy. Perhaps the greatest challenge in CSR implementation is the fact that CSR practice is perceived by many as a cost – a threat – rather than as a business opportunity. There is also a lack of quality data and resources to develop a business case for CSR and enable the private sector to relate better by learning from peers. It is these observations and learning that led us to develop the CSR Centre Concept. Through the Centre, we hope to make available better products and tools that will increase awareness on CSR practice benefits, and will also help quantify the intangibles of CSR. By championing CSR under a specialized institutionalized framework, we hope that the CSR Centre will have greater economic impact and value addition that have so far eluded business in Bangladesh. It is very true that few of us have the luxury of committing additional resources to new initiatives. That is where the benefits of CSR come to the fore. CSR is about partnerships and sharing resources, and is not limited to just financial commitments. Partnerships based on equity principles, where businesses can reach out to others with complementary strengths, is a cornerstone of good CSR practice. Through such resource collaborations, businesses can find long term win-win solutions to complex problems, expand their network and find new business opportunities in an increasingly competitive world, and, more importantly, free up resources to concentrate on core competencies. Strategic CSR practices, consistently applied in Bangladesh, will improve the general competitiveness of the private sector vis-à  -vis global competition, as well as develop Bangladesh’s international image as a responsible global manufacturer and service provider. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as defined by the CSR Centre is a set of business practices based on ethical norms and transparency that contributes to the sustainable development of internal and external stakeholders in the best interest of business , society and the environment. While debate continues regarding elements that define CSR, few can deny that CSR practice improves operational efficiency, increases standards and reliability in the supply chain, and positively affects employee motivation and loyalty which, in turn, leads to greater productivity. Other drivers for companies to engage their stakeholders include the fact that CSR practice strengthens a business’s license to operate. By facilitating services needed in the community in which a company is seeking entry, CSR practice often enables the company to gain popularity with its customer base, which, in turn, leads to increase sales or retention of market share. It is important to note, however, that CSR practice is not exclusively for the large companies; neither is it only for those whose concerns are in the export business. Such prevalent misperceptions need immediate rectification, particularly in Bangladesh, where all businesses, both large and small, can enhance their competitiveness through greater adoption and implementation of CSR. By embracing the values of CSR, the Bangladesh private sector can send a strong signal to the global market that they are discharging their commitments to society. Failing to do so voluntarily inevitably leads to adverse external pressure, often with more strict guidelines and under extremely tight timelines. The Centre will help the private sector be more proactive rather than reactive. CSR practice in Bangladesh is a relatively new phenomenon and is often misperceived as philanthropy or charity. Also, very often, there is a clear lack of integration of CSR with core business strategy. Perhaps the greatest challenge in CSR implementation is the fact that CSR practice is perceived by many as a cost – a threat – rather than as a business opportunity. There is also a lack of quality data and resources to develop a business case for CSR and enable the private sector to relate better by learning from peers. It is these observations and learning that led us to develop the CSR Centre Concept. Through the Centre, we hope to make available better products and tools that will increase awareness on CSR practice benefits, and will also help quantify the intangibles of CSR. By championing CSR under a specialized institutionalized framework, we hope that the CSR Centre will have greater economic impact and value addition that have so far eluded business in Bangladesh. It is very true that few of us have the luxury of committing additional resources to new initiatives. That is where the benefits of CSR come to the fore. CSR is about partnerships and sharing resources, and is not limited to just financial commitments. Partnerships based on equity principles, where businesses can reach out to others with complementary strengths, is a cornerstone of good CSR practice. Through such resource collaborations, businesses can find long term win-win solutions to complex problems, expand their network and find new business opportunities in an increasingly competitive world, and, more importantly, free up resources to concentrate on core competencies. Strategic CSR practices, consistently applied in Bangladesh, will improve the general competitiveness of the private sector vis-à  -vis global competition, as well as develop Bangladesh’s international image as a responsible global manufacturer and service provider. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) when defined at this age of changes world over is a set of business practices based on ethical norms and transparency that contributes to the sustainable development of business and society where environment is being built-in as an essential element. While debate continues regarding elements that define CSR, few can deny that CSR practice improves operational efficiency, increases standards and reliability in the supply chain, and positively affects employee motivation and loyalty, which, in turn, leads to greater productivity. For such reasons the term â€Å"stakeholders† is being redefined to include all the apparent external stakeholders. Because of the inclusion of environment into CSR, even the bottled water businesses are now under threat to abandon the plastic bottles and the petroleum companies are under threat to find out alternative energy sources. For companies to engage all their stakeholders, internal and external include the fact that CSR practice strengthens a business’s license to operate. By facilitating services needed in the community in which a company is seeking entry, CSR practice often enables the company to gain popularity with its customer base, which, in turn, leads to increased sales or retention of market share. Business Executives and leaders are being encountered in Talk Shows as to how they are reinventing their corporate missions to combat climate change, give back to local communities, communicate in an age of Facebook, blogs and they cannot opt for the option to remain unspoken. In Bangladesh, a global food conglomerate Nestle has some operations but zero stakes in bottled water business though this particular company has about 50% share in this particular business in some of the countries of the world. Under their CSR practice in Bangladesh, as it is understood they have drilled a Deep well in Gazipore, Dhaka and built a water storage tank in order to serve the local habitation with water. By providing free water to the surrounding community, from a deep tube well they are virtually laying the foundation of their future bottled water business. Therefore, this free supply by a company is not free in fact. Same Nestle was assailed by environmental activists on Facebook and Twitter globally for business practices that contribute to deforestation; within weeks, Nestle had announced a partnership with an independent non-profit, somewhere in the world to eliminate its dependence on unsustainable forest products. Internet with social media facebook and twitter already revolutionized our social communications not only at local level but also globally for day-to-day changes in a complex reality of urbanization, globalization, commercialization together with reshape-up of regulations world over. In this age of gradually reducing Government stake in businesses world over, businesses are taking up the responsibilities by way of commercialization of public goods. Alongside tap waters, people are taking bottled waters; alongside Ramna Park, people are using Nandan Park; alongside free roads, people are being pursued to get prepared for Toll Roads, instead of partly export oriented units investors are being motivated for setting up cent percent exporting units. Instead of 100% local investments a free flow of factors of productions including both labour and capital (such as inflow and outflow of Foreign Direct Investments) world over is in demand which would gradually help a reduction of dependence upon the systems of Governments. With development of a consumer-base, investors are being motivated to invest in locally marketable products with surplus only to export. Moreover, there is a growing concern over environmental degradation world over endangering human habitation on the earth so the emerging comparative systems of economics and social transformations are incorporating environment as an important element for socio-economic proportion. Bangladesh as well as whole of the deltaic region on the southern side of Himalaya is under a threat due to changing water flows in the down streams of Himalayas caused by increased melting of ice in Himalayas as well as landslide causing movements of billions of tons of silts towards downstream. Tectonic plates in the north and south of Himalayas are in clash at the point in line of Himalayas, which is threatening habitation in entire South Asia, down not only flow of silts and changing flows of water streams, but also series of earthquakes ranging from mild to severe are going to take place. It is not a threat to a particular country like Bangladesh but to the whole region. Therefore, it will have to be addressed in CSR practices. In Bangladesh, the companies are directly, involved in CSR practices alongside independent organizations formed by volunteers who are being aided by the corporate. National budget of Bangladesh of fiscal 2011-12 created provisions for tax-deductible contributions under CSR. Similar provisions exist in countries around the world. CSR activities are always non-partisan around the world to help advancement of holistic and free play of thoughts and actions in a pluralistic social framework. It is important to note, however, that CSR practice is not exclusively for the large companies; neither is it only for those whose concerns are in the export business. Such prevalent misperceptions need immediate adaptation, particularly in Bangladesh, where all businesses, both large and small, can enhance their competitiveness through greater adoption and implementation of CSR. By embracing the values of CSR, the Bangladesh private sector can send a strong signal to the global market that they are discharging their commitments to society. Failing to do so voluntarily inevitably leads to adverse external pressure, often with more strict guidelines and under extremely tight timelines. This is a situation, in which the private sector needs to be more proactive rather than reactive. Particularly in the area of housing/habitation in industrial cluster zones, the CSR should contribute by building high-rise dormitories through trade bodies. This will help strengthening of local Bangladesh Taka in view of the demand for wage-hikes. CSR practice in Bangladesh is a relatively new phenomenon and is prone to frequent misperceptions as philanthropy or charity. In addition, very often, there is a clear lack of integration of CSR with core business strategy. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s case has shown this but others are yet to follow the same. Perhaps the greatest challenge in CSR implementation is the fact that CSR practice is perceived by many as a cost, a sort of threat rather than as a business opportunity. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s case as enunciated is a good example of CSR. From which it is clear that CSR does not only implies cost but also lays the foundation of business. There is a lack of quality data and resources to develop a business case for CSR and enable the private sector to relate better by learning from peers. It is necessary for businesses to assimilate data from all over such as the one of Nestle. Global changes in post Washington consensus era are giving the messages of corporate leadership for societal changes as the days of governments, on the points of views are over. It is very true that few of us have the luxury of committing additional resources to new initiatives. That is where the benefits of CSR come to the fore. CSR is about partnerships and sharing resources, and is not limited to just financial commitments. Partnerships based on equity principles, where businesses can reach out to others with complementary strengths, is a cornerstone of good CSR practice. Through such resource collaborations, businesses can find long-term win-win solutions to complex problems expand their network and find new business opportunities in an increasingly competitive world, and, more importantly, free up resources to concentrate on core competencies. Strategically drawn CSR practices, consistently applied in Bangladesh, will improve the general competitiveness of the private sector vis-à  -vis global competition, as well as develop Bangladesh’s international image as a responsible global manufacturer and service provider.

Youth Justice in 2011 is tougher on crime than on the causes of crime.

Introduction The aim behind this essay is to ascertain the stance adopted by the UK in terms of how governmental and judiciary authorities deal with the problem of juvenile crime. In order to gain a fuller understanding of this it would be of interest to compare the perspectives of two different political leaders and how they affected the way that juvenile crime was dealt with by authorities. On one particular weekend in August 2011 thousands of rioters took to the street and ransacked high streets in London, Manchester, Croydon and Nottingham. The original cause of the rioting was due to a shooting in Tottenham by police but it seemed to spread over the capital and on to other major cities. Shops were looted and others were burnt down over the course of a week. As a result of this, David Cameron was quick to ascertain what the causes of these riots could be. In a press conference, he suggested that: Social problems that have been festering for decades have exploded in our face†¦.Our security fightback must be matched by a social fightback (Cameron: 2011) Such was the stance eventually taken by the Coalition government as a response to the riots. A similar statement had been famously stated by Tony Blair fourteen years earlier where he specified in his election speech that Labour believed: ‘in personal responsibility and in punishing crime, but also its underlying causes – so toughon crime, tough on the causes of crime’ (Blair: 1997). However, the question remains as to whether these two politically differing views really are so different from each other. The rhetoric seems to be the same. That is, in order to be tough on the crime that it would be necessary to discover the root cause of the crime committed. The question has to be asked as to how far the existing legislation go in achieving that. According to a recent governmental report on the Youth Justice Service, ?800 million was spent on dealing with young people over the previous twelve years. Also, while 10% of that figure was spent on prevention, approximately 90% was spent on actually dealing with the offending behaviour (Soloman and Garside: 2008). Critics had seen this as a symptom of what had been wrong with Labour’s policy regarding the Youth Justice system. Indeed, the same criticism can and has been levelled at the Coalition government judging by their initial reaction to the 2011 London riots. David Cameron famously condemned the riots as being caused by pure criminality and nothing else. It was only after the initial reaction that the Government had stated that a ‘social fightback’ (Cameron: 2011) was needed as much as the ‘security fightback’ was. However, the Government’s initial reaction was soon mirrored by other members of the public and there was seen to be a lack of analytical reaction from anybody apart from a few. According to Ohana and Otten (2011): Except among a few youth experts and political commentators on the so-called ‘left’ there was little mention of or analysis involving the racist shooting that triggered the violence in the first place, or the desperate condition of the neighbourhoods in which many of the young people who rioted live†¦.Most importantly of all, there was next to no mention of the fact that whole generations of young people have simply been abandoned to the elements by an uncaring state, unwilling to see its own responsibility in creating the conditions that have made such events possible (Ohana and Otten: 2011: 244). This view corresponds with other views which also specify that it ought to be no surprise that the media and public reaction to the riots were non-analytical in their scope: Hughes (2011) specifies that: It is of little surprise that the perceptions of the public appear to resemble those presented by the media and politicians. Rather than the official crime figures, it is the stereotyping and emotive headlines that seem to have the greatest influence.’ (Hughes: 2011: 190) On the surface, this may appear to be an obvious statement to make. After all, it could be argued that the public’s reaction to the riots were understandably affected by the media coverage both during and after the riots took place.However, critics were also understandably concerned that the Government had employed a kneejerk reaction but then delayed in deciding exactly what was to be done about it (LSE and The Guardian: 2011: ‘Reading the Riots’) There was a similar response to crime in general by the Labour opposition before they took power in 1997. Blair’s Labour had responded to a resurgence in crime on the streets at the time. According to Raine and Keasey (2009), they had attempted to address the problem of crime on the streets by attempting to get at what they perceived to be the source. Numerous programs were suggested and installed once they got into power, including Surestart centres and the New Deal for the unemployed. Raine and Keasey (2009) suggested, however, that these measures only went so far in addressing the issue (Doolin: 2009: 126-127) of youth crime. It would seem that this also backs up the figures quoted earlier regarding the percentage of money spent on prevention (10%) as opposed to the money spent on catching, trying and detaining criminals (90%). It could be argued that the amount of money spent on each reflects on either the priority given to prevention of crime of respective government s or on an increased criminality in the general populace. Again, this is a stance that is maintained by Sanders (2011) who suggested that because New Labour were essentially ‘governing through ASB (anti-social behaviour)’ that there was: An ever-increasing share of a decreasing government budget being spent on criminal justice, prison and police in particular (Silvestri: 2011: 12) This could be argued to show that New Labour at the time were more willing to spend money on surveillance of crime and criminals but they were not always willing to pay for maintenance of prisons, supply of police officers and the infrastructure of the criminal justice system. However, there was much emphasis from the New Labour government on focussing upon the youth which, according to Coles (2012), had only been a focus for different governmental departments pre-1997.Coles (2012) states that the Blair administration was the first to have a Ministry and department (Social Exclusion Unit) specifically for young people to address the NEET problem (Alcock et al: 394) and thereby address the problem of anti-social behaviour. It was for this reason that the Connexions service was set up Furthermore, the same could be said for the Coalition’s policies regarding criminal justice. Austerity measures were talked up as being the reasons behind the cuts before the riots. However, it could be argued that some of the cuts regarding youth justice and its appendages were made too harshly. Those things that matter to individuals such as education and health are being cut back and this in turn has triggered off the mentality that was inherent in the riots. According to Will Hutton, as quoted in Ohana and Otten(2011),: We are arriving at a major turning point in our national life. It is not enough to talk about being tough on crime and the causes of crime. We need an entire root and branch reshaping of our economy and society – where both rewards and punishment are judicious proportional and deserved, and all within a revived and larger understanding of fairness†¦.We need good capitalism and the good society that accompanies it (Ohana and Otten: 2011: 245) It remains to be seen whether this present Coalition government is going to do anything about the ‘root and branch’ causes behind youth crime in general and last year’s riots in particular.The mixed messages given out by the Government seems to indicate that they will be just as tough on the causes of criminality as they will be on criminality itself. Given the track record of the previous government regarding equality of expenditure between the punishment of crime and the prevention of it, this Coalition government may have a job on their hands in balancing the two. Reference List Blair, T (1997), ‘New Labour because Britain deserves better’, The 1997 New Labour Manifesto, Available at http://www.labour-party.org.uk/manifestos/1997/1997-labour-manifesto.shtml Cameron, D, (2011), ‘PM’s Speech on the fightback after the riots’, Monday 15th August 2011, Available at http://www.number10.gov.uk/news/pms-speech-on-the-fightback-after-the-riots/ Coles, B (2012), ‘Young People’, IN: Alcock, P, May, M, Wright, S, (2012), ‘The Student’s Companion to Social Policy’, 4th Edition, London Hughes,(2011) Ohana, Y and Otten, H, (2012), ‘Where do you stand?: Intercultural Learning and Political Education in Contemporary Europe, Wiesbaden, Springer Fachmedien, Germany Raine, J and Keasey, P (2010), ‘Introduction: The Changing Politics of Law and Order’, IN: Doolin, K et al (ed.) (2010.), ‘Whose Criminal Justice?: State or Community?’, Waterside Press, Hook, Hampshire, England Rusbridger, A, (2011), (ed.), ‘Reading the Riots: Investigating England’s summer of disorder’, The Guardian, The London School of Economics and Political Science, Accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/interactive/2011/dec/14/reading-the-riots-investigating-england-s-summer-of-disorder-full-report Sanders, A (2011), ‘What was New Labour thinkingNew Labour’s approach to Criminal Justice’, IN: Silvestri, A (ed.), (2011), ‘Lessons for the Coalition: an end of term report on New Labour and criminal justice.’ Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, The Hadley Trust, London Soloman E, and Garside, R, (2008), ‘ Ten Years of Labour’s youth and justice reforms: an Independent audit, Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, The Hadley Trust, London Available at http://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/opus647/youthjusticeaudit.pdf

Guilt-Free Expressions to Say, You Hurt My Feelings

Guilt-Free Expressions to Say, You Hurt My Feelings When you are hurt, your first instinct is to retaliate. You want to hurt the other person to avenge the pain and suffering you encountered.Revenge is sweet, but the repercussions can often be a disadvantage. As the author of Sometimes a Great Notion, Ken Kesey said, The man who seeks revenge digs two graves. Blinded by anger and ego, men often act beyond their wildest imagination. Thus they begin a circle of vengeance.History  is replete with stories of hurt and revenge. Mighty empires have crumbled because of misguided anger. Ego clashes have wiped out human life in many parts around the world. ​Hurting words have brought the world to the brink of a world war. How can one assuage the hurt feelings? Can you take back the words that hurt another?Just as words can hurt someone, eloquent words of forgiveness can soothe the pain. When you seek unconditional forgiveness and atone for your sins with a good deed, you can reverse the pain.If you have been hurt, you can use these you hurt me quotes to express your anguish. No revenge, no retaliation! A few sincere words are enough to communicate your pain. These words can have a powerful effect on your aggressors conscience. Oscar WildeA gentleman is one who never hurts anyones feelings unintentionally. Henry Wadsworth LongfellowA torn jacket is soon mended, but hard words bruise the heart of a child. English ProverbAnger is often more hurtful than the injury that caused it. Louisa May Alcott,  Little WomenBecause they are mean is no reason why I should be. I hate such things, and though I think Ive a right to be hurt, I dont intend to show it. Diana RossCriticism, even when you try to ignore it, can hurt. I have cried over many articles written about me, but I move on and I dont hold on to that. Lady GagaDo you know the feeling, when your heart is so hurt, that you could feel the blood dripping? Toby KeithDont compromise even if it hurts to be yourself. Chris RockFor me, anything goes when I pick up a mike. Im not trying to hurt people - I try not to get too personal but I look at myself as a reporter. If you can report on anything that has to do with pop culture, then why cant I make jokes about it? Yes, it hurts. But I figure that laughter sometimes starts from pain. You might wince, but then I know that Im doing my job. The only thing I can do wrong is not be funny. Ernest HemingwayForget your personal tragedy. We are all bitched from the start and you especially have to be hurt like hell before you can write seriously. But when you get the damned hurt, use it-dont cheat with it. Christina AguileraIm sorry for blaming you for everything I just couldnt do, and Ive hurt myself by hurting you. Frank Sina​tra Oh, I just wish someone would try to hurt you so I could kill them for you. Klaus KinskiSometimes my heart hurts so much, I beat it with my fists. I try to run. But you cannot run from this. It waits for you. Even when you think you have escaped it, it is there. Les BrownForgive those who have hurt you. Angelina JolieI didnt really want to live, so anything that was an investment in time made me angry... but also I just felt sad. When the hopelessness is hurting you, its the fixtures and fittings that finish you off. Alonzo MourningI was hurting. I had some ailments I was dealing with. Its not like I was holding out.

Elizabethan Revenge In Hamlet Essays - English Drama, Free Essays

Elizabethan Revenge In Hamlet Essays - English Drama, Free Essays Elizabethan Revenge in Hamlet Hamlet is a play written by William Shakespeare that very closely follows the dramatic conventions of revenge in Elizabethan theater. All revenge tragedies originally stemmed from the Greeks, who wrote and performed the first plays. After the Greeks came Seneca who was very influential to all Elizabethan tragedy writers. Seneca who was Roman, basically set all of the ideas and the norms for all revenge play writers in the Renaissance era including William Shakespeare. The two most famous English revenge tragedies written in the Elizabethan era were Hamlet, written by Shakespeare and The Spanish Tragedy, written by Thomas Kyd. These two plays used mostly all of the Elizabethan conventions for revenge tragedies in their plays. Hamlet especially incorporated all revenge conventions in one way or another, which truly made Hamlet a typical revenge play. ?Shakespeare?s Hamlet is one of many heroes of the Elizabethan and Jacobean stage who finds himself grievously wronged by a powerful figure, with no recourse to the law, and with a crime against his family to avenge.? Seneca was among the greatest authors of classical tragedies and there was not one educated Elizabethan who was unaware of him or his plays. There were certain stylistic and different strategically thought out devices that Elizabethan playwrights including Shakespeare learned and used from Seneca?s great tragedies. The five act structure, the appearance of some kind of ghost, the one line exchanges known as stichomythia, and Seneca?s use of long rhetorical speeches were all later used in tragedies by Elizabethan playwrights. Some of Seneca?s ideas were originally taken from the Greeks when the Romans conquered Greece, and with it they took home many Greek theatrical ideas. Some of Seneca?s stories that originated from the Greeks like Agamemnon and Thyestes which dealt with bloody family histories and revenge captivated the Elizabethans. Seneca?s stories weren?t really written for performance purposes, so if English playwrights liked his ideas, they had to figure out a way to make the story theatrically workable, relevant and exciting to the Elizabethan audience who were very demanding. Seneca?s influence formed part of a developing tradition of tragedies whose plots hinge on political power, forbidden sexuality, family honor and private revenge. ?There was no author who exercised a wider or deeper influence upon the Elizabethan mind or upon the Elizabethan form of tragedy than did Seneca.? For the dramatists of Renaissance Italy, France and England, classical tragedy meant only the ten Latin plays of Seneca and not Euripides, Aeschylus and Sophocles. ?Hamlet is certainly not much like any play of Seneca?s one can name, but Seneca is undoubtedly one of the effective ingredients in the emotional charge of Hamlet. Hamlet without Seneca is inconceivable.? During the time of Elizabethan theater, plays about tragedy and revenge were very common and a regular convention seemed to be formed on what aspects should be put into a typical revenge tragedy. In all revenge tragedies first and foremost, a crime is committed and for various reasons laws and justice cannot punish the crime so the individual who is the main character, goes through with the revenge in spite of everything. The main character then usually had a period of doubt , where he tries to decide whether or not to go through with the revenge, which usually involves tough and complex planning. Other features that were typical were the appearance of a ghost, to get the revenger to go through with the deed. The revenger also usually had a very close relationship with the audience through soliloquies and asides. The original crime that will eventually be avenged is nearly always sexual or violent or both. The crime has been committed against a family member of the revenger. ? The revenger places himself outside the normal moral order of things, and often becomes more isolated as the play progresses-an isolation which at its most extreme becomes madness.? The revenge must be the cause of a catastrophe and the beginning of the revenge must start immediately after the crisis. After the ghost persuades the revenger to commit his deed, a hesitation first occurs and then a delay by the avenger before killing the murderer, and his actual or acted out madness. The

Understanding Toxins in Avocado Seeds

Understanding Toxins in Avocado Seeds Avocados are a great part of a healthy diet, but what about their seeds or pits? They contain a small amount of a natural toxin called persin [(R, 12Z,15Z)-2-Hydroxy-4-oxohenicosa-12,15-dienyl acetate]. Persin is an oil-soluble  compound found in the leaves and bark of the avocado plant as well as the pits. It acts as a natural fungicide. While the amount of persin in an avocado pit isnt enough to harm a human, avocado plants and pits can harm pets and livestock. Cats and dogs may become slightly ill from eating avocado flesh or seeds. Because the pits are so fibrous, they also pose a risk of gastric obstruction. The pits are considered toxic to birds, cattle, horses, rabbits, and goats. Avocado pits also cause problems for people who are allergic to latex. If you cant tolerate bananas or peaches, its best to steer clear of avocado seeds. The seeds contain high levels of tannins, trypsin inhibitors, and polyphenols that act as anti-nutrients, which means they reduce your ability to absorb certain vitamins and minerals. In addition to persin and tannin, avocado seeds also contain small quantities of hydrocyanic acid and cyanogenic glycosides, which can produce toxic  hydrogen cyanide. Other types of seeds containing cyanogenic compounds include apple seeds, cherry pits, and citrus fruit seeds. However, the human body can detoxify small amounts of the compounds, so theres no risk of cyanide poisoning to an adult person from eating a single seed. Persin may cause apoptosis of some types of breast cancer cells, plus it enhances the cytotoxic effects of the cancer drug tamoxifen. However, the compound is soluble in oil rather than water, so further research is needed to see whether an extract of the seed can be made into a useful form. The California Avocado Commission recommends people avoid eating the avocado seed (though of course, they encourage you to enjoy the fruit). While its true there are many healthful compounds in the seeds, including soluble fiber, vitamins E and C, and the mineral phosphorus, the consensus is more research is needed to determine whether the benefits of eating them outweigh the risks. How to Make Avocado Seed Powder If you decide to go ahead and try avocado seeds, one of the most popular ways to prepare them is to make a powder. The powder can be mixed into smoothies or other foods to disguise the bitter flavor, which comes from tannins in the seed. To make avocado seed powder, remove the pit from the fruit, place it on a baking sheet, and cook it in a preheated oven at 250 F for 1.5 to 2 hours. At this point, the skin of the seed will be dry. Peel away the skin and then grind the seed in a spice mill or food processor. The seed is strong and heavy, so this is not a task for a blender. You can grate it by hand, too. How to Make Avocado Seed Water Another way to use avocado seeds is for avocado seed water. To make this, mash 1-2 avocado seeds and soak them in water overnight. The softened seeds can be pureed in a blender. Avocado seed water may be added to coffee or tea or to a smoothie, much like avocado seed powder. References Butt AJ, Roberts CG, Seawright AA, Oelrichs PB, MacLeod JK, Liaw TY, Kavallaris M, Somers-Edgar TJ, Lehrbach GM, Watts CK, Sutherland RL (2006). A novel plant toxin, persin, within vivo activity in the mammary gland, induces Bim-dependent apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 5 (9): 2300–9.Roberts CG, Gurisik E, Biden TJ, Sutherland RL, Butt AJ (October 2007). Synergistic cytotoxicity between tamoxifen and the plant toxin persin in human breast cancer cells is dependent on Bim expression and mediated by modulation of ceramide metabolism. Mol. Cancer Ther. 6 (10).

Analytical essay about (Heart of Darkness 4th edition ) Research Paper

Analytical essay about (Heart of Darkness 4th edition ) - Research Paper Example The main character of the book is Marlow, who sits on the deck of a ship becalmed on the Thames until the tide should turn within these early pages. The time setting is just at sunset and the imagery that presents itself to the men on the boat seems to naturally put them into a reflective state of mind. The narrator of this early section, identified only by the reflective pronoun 'I', even points out that each of the men were too involved in their own thoughts to be interested in playing a game of dominoes that one of them had brought out. The scene as it presents itself to Marlow calls to mind the deep and disturbing memories and ideas that he gained as a fresh-water sailor working in the Congo. Thus, the imagery of this opening scene does a great deal to inform the reader of the ideas Conrad is trying to convey regarding imperial conquest. As can be seen in the above quote, the scene painted for the reader is not the peaceful image one might expect a writer to create given the calm scene. The men are lying about on a ship's deck with nothing to do. The ship itself is described as calm, "without a flutter of her sails" (Conrad, 1). Within this scene, "the water shone pacifically; the sky, without a speck, was a benign immensity of unstained light; the very mist on the Essex marsh was like a gauzy and radiant fabric, hung from the wooded rises inland, and draping the low shores in diaphanous folds" (Conrad, 2). Even the barges moving upstream are seen as standing relatively motionless by the narrator. "The tanned sails of the barges drifting up with the tide seemed to stand still in red clusters of canvas sharply peaked, with gleams of varnished spirits" (Conrad, 2). Imagining this kind of scene, there seems no room for anything that isn't peaceful and calming. The narrator's words illustrate an almost magical timelessness, a place where nothing unpleasant might harm you. However, there are hints at a darkness lying at the heart of this pleasant scene. These ar e found as the narrator describes the change in color of the sunlight from a "glowing white" to a "dull red without rays and without heat" (Conrad, 2). What this imagery indicates is a place once full of hope and light and an ability to warm others has changed to something incapable of reaching out, cold and sullen. It is so close to lifelessness that it is even threatening to " go out suddenly, stricken to death" (Conrad, 2). Even more of the metaphor is exposed when the narrator identifies the cause of the sun's sudden ailment as "the gloom brooding over a crowd of men" (Conrad, 2). This gloom is present in physical form as the narrator describes the dark gathering in the west, "brooding over the upper reaches, became more sombre every minute, as if angered by the approach of the sun" (Conrad, 2). Thus, the scene is lovely and peaceful as long as one only chooses to look in specific directions as one direction suggests something ominous. The imagery of light and dark is also broug ht out in direct relation to man and his activities throughout history. As this opening scene is presented, the narrator describes his reverence for the Thames because of the history and greatness that have been carried out with its assistance. "We looked at the venerable stream not in the vivid flush of a short day that comes and departs forever, but in the august light of abiding memories" (Conrad, 2). These

Uniform Commercial Code, section 1-302 Research Paper

Uniform Commercial Code, section 1-302 - Research Paper Example This is because of the aspect that owing to the prevalence of stern laws and regulations, companies and individuals in the commercial business domain has not been able to work freely and ensure trade and business in the best possible manner. Furthermore, owing to the prevalence of diverse range of rules and regulations regarding business in various states of the US, there was an extreme lack of uniformity and balance in legal structure, which has one way or the other had hindered effective performance of the business units and traders (SBA, â€Å"Uniform Commercial Code†). In order to ensure efficacy and less complexity in the commercial business domain, the government of the nations has emerged with the proposal of formulating a common law and codes of regulations that can be used uniformly in every state of the US, especially in the domain of commercial business. The codes were first published in the year 1952 and where subject to severe criticism in the initial phases owing to some of its policies (Legal Information Institute, â€Å" § 3-312. Lost, Destroyed, Or Stolen Cashiers Check, Tellers Check, Or Certified Check.†). These set of codes were primarily developed with the intention to harmonize the legal structure of the US with regard to sales of goods and services in more than 50 states of the US. It helped in regulating and governing the commercial business sector of the country in the most efficient manner through developing flexible and simple policies that can be adopted commonly by all the states that are associated with commercia l business. The most vital objective of these set of codes is that it govern each and every transaction of the business units within the commercial trading, so that efficient results can be obtained in the eventual stages. With the presence of UCC in the scene, different states within the US have been able to work with utmost efficacy during intra-state business as that the

New Labour and Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New Labour and Globalisation - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that New Labour’s economic policies are focused on sustained economic growth for the country, emphasis on cutting down inflation and unemployment rates and use of measures to cope with globalization for the best economic interests of UK. New Labour has also focused on globalization as the best political strategy for promoting British economic growth. Whether this has been done to exploit or cope with the social and political consequences of a global economy remain a controversial issue. Barry and Patterson discuss globalization policies within the context of ecological modernization and environmental reforms suggesting that globalization has to be understood in terms of political, social and environmental issues. Barry and Patterson analyze New Labour’s approach to globalization as aimed to create opportunities for ecological modernization and in some policy areas and hinder in some others. Thus Labour’s focus on global ization has its own advantages and disadvantages as far as environmental policy measures are concerned. Some of the prime areas of development are renewable energy strategy, transport policy, and genetically modified food. The issues of environmental degradation and environmental policy measures have direct implications for globalization and thus it is important to consider environmental aspects of globalization within Labour policy measures.... and equity, Hopkin and Wincott suggest that the European states are less flexible and may have to become more open to changes for successful social and economic reforms. Considering this, the economic reforms and approach to globalisation as taken by New Labour may be considered as comparatively rigid and a more flexible policy could be recommended. Cerny and Evans (2004) argue that the state policies are always aimed at restructuring the state to stabilise national polity and promote domestic economic growth. Some state political approaches are focused on reform of political institutions, functions and processes in keeping with the needs of globalisation. Apart from adapting to internal social and political problems, national political leaders take on processes of political and social coalitions to overcome structural and even functional constraints in the form of state intervention. All of state's policies are focused on promoting, sustaining and expanding an open and liberal global economy to take full advantage of the benefits of such systems. However Cerny and Evans claim that too much emphasis on the role of individual political leaders can undermine the generic functions of the state in terms of public interest and social justice and can also lead to social conflicts. Considering the case of New Labour's policy agenda, in UK, Cerny and Evans note that the British state has been undergoing a continual transformation to adapt to global realities through state action. The fact that Blair's government is focused on adapting to the changing needs of globalisation only highlights policy issues that are established by New Labour to promote economic and social growth. The question of whether New Labour is exploiting, coping with or actively supporting globalisation

Debate Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Debate - Assignment Example Thirdly, a high percentage of this group of urban dwellers lacks health insurance and need close healthcare attention (Smith, 1997). People in urban areas with limited access to healthy groceries are also forced to eat whatever they find and most of them are harmful to humans. This include oily foods like french fries and fried meat. However, it is vital to note that people in rural areas are also extremely vulnerable to disease and preference to health care should also be accorded to them. This is because people in rural areas have significantly poorer health status than urban dwellers. This is because people in rural areas engage in unhealthy practices such as smoking, and less exercise. Secondly, people in rural areas are less educated than those in urban areas, and tend not to comprehend the importance of health care in elongating their lives. Lastly, people in rural areas have limited access to health care and must travel long distances to acquire medical care. They can die or their conditions worsen before they gain adequate medical care (Bauer, 2011). In conclusion, I believe that due to the high pollution in urban areas dwellers tend to be prone to disease and require preference to health care. Furthermore, urban dwellers with limited access to healthy groceries lack the nutrients and vitamins in their body needed to fight off

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Art - Essay Example aphs are used as models to create these paintings, followed by Gerhard Richter’s Photorealism and Over-painted Photographs; who also uses photographs as a major tool for his artistic practice. I will be exploring how a photograph is utilized through out the painting process, and the way it reflects on the painter’s emotional and intellectual aspects . The investigation of both painters will be carried out by looking at these paintings through the French literary theorist and philosopher Ronald Barthes lens, in which he mainly demonstrates in Camera Lucida. My analysis is based on his perception of the nature and essence of photography theories,along with an analysis of portraiture from a philosophical perspective by Professor and Chair Cynthia Freeland in her essayPortraits in Painting and Photography. Both investigations carryout Barthes essential ‘air’whichwill show how this concept of ‘air’ can be used to understand how both artists use photography as a source material.   I argue that a painter who uses photographs as an aiding tool to his/her creative painting practicesfinds the literalprecise reality through their mechanical accurate depiction of the real, yet finds them lacking the essence or ‘air’. This essence will become visible inthe final piece by the collaboration of both the accurate mechanical reality mean of expressiveness (the photograph) with the physical translation of the emotional and intellectual experiences by the human hand. With all the new introductions to new materials and techniques and with the enormous evolvement of digital technology in creating art, more inspirational experiences along with an infinite number of inventive traditional and digital techniques allowed artists to intrigue their motives and intentions in unlimited possible directions. In this regard, I will be exploring how has been utilized by contemporary painters to become part of their artistic experience in the 20th and the 21st century, which

Strategic Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Marketing - Research Paper Example The analysis of the competitive environment of Skoda shows that, there is a very high threat of new entrants. The major competitors in the Super mini segment in the UK car industry in recent times are Corsa, Fiesta, Clio, 206 and Punto. Among the main competitors the inter-firm rivalry is very high. High competition gives rise to stiff rivalry. In this situation if we analyze the strengths of Skoda cars, we can know that the company has a very strong brand image. The brand image is created through its strong reliability and quality and good performance statistics. The strong brand image has resulted in increasing market share and profits. The following graph shows the growth in the market share of Skoda cars: The strong market position has resulted in a very low threat of substitutes. The image of Skoda cars has taken a drastic change, from a very dull model to a sexy car. Hence, this has made the bargaining power of the consumers very low. The strong product features combined with the effective advertising strategy has made the consumers turn their focus away from the price tag. The distribution network of the company is very strong because of strategic alliances and partnerships with dealers and suppliers. The strong market position has brought down the bargaining power of the suppliers and the company has benefitted by consolidating its supply chain which is very essential in maintaining the quality of the product. It is obvious that in any ... If the customer likes a product/ service, then the company starts to grow and its relative strengths also tend to increase and the company strives to serve the customer better and this becomes a cycle. In case of Skoda cars, the same argument holds good. The quality of the car speaks high about the company which is obvious in its financial results and this has increased its bargaining power of the company with its suppliers. Also the preference of the consumers towards the car has increased which has further increased its bargaining power with the consumers. But the point that has to be taken into consideration is that, there is a very high level of rivalry among the existing firms and also there is a high threat of new competition. The five forces suggested by Porter has to be combined with SWOT analysis, to adopt differentiation as its main strategy to stay ahead of competitors. The differentiation now planned by the company is regarding the research and development. Skoda has abou t 1300 engineers dedicated to develop new trendy designs taking into consideration the nature of Asian and Eastern Europe. In future the company has to focus on its strength of design and performance to have competitive advantage. Also it has to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of its competitors and has to combine with its own strengths to develop a differentiation strategy. COMPANY'S RESOURCES The analysis of the current resources of the company to develop a sustainable competitive strategy is very essential. The following are some of the resources that the company has which can be used to develop a strategy to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage: The company has a very long history of developing fine designs. Its

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Art - Essay Example aphs are used as models to create these paintings, followed by Gerhard Richter’s Photorealism and Over-painted Photographs; who also uses photographs as a major tool for his artistic practice. I will be exploring how a photograph is utilized through out the painting process, and the way it reflects on the painter’s emotional and intellectual aspects . The investigation of both painters will be carried out by looking at these paintings through the French literary theorist and philosopher Ronald Barthes lens, in which he mainly demonstrates in Camera Lucida. My analysis is based on his perception of the nature and essence of photography theories,along with an analysis of portraiture from a philosophical perspective by Professor and Chair Cynthia Freeland in her essayPortraits in Painting and Photography. Both investigations carryout Barthes essential ‘air’whichwill show how this concept of ‘air’ can be used to understand how both artists use photography as a source material.   I argue that a painter who uses photographs as an aiding tool to his/her creative painting practicesfinds the literalprecise reality through their mechanical accurate depiction of the real, yet finds them lacking the essence or ‘air’. This essence will become visible inthe final piece by the collaboration of both the accurate mechanical reality mean of expressiveness (the photograph) with the physical translation of the emotional and intellectual experiences by the human hand. With all the new introductions to new materials and techniques and with the enormous evolvement of digital technology in creating art, more inspirational experiences along with an infinite number of inventive traditional and digital techniques allowed artists to intrigue their motives and intentions in unlimited possible directions. In this regard, I will be exploring how has been utilized by contemporary painters to become part of their artistic experience in the 20th and the 21st century, which

ICT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ICT - Assignment Example The cases related to sell of software is controlled by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Furthermore, law of digital contracts is evolving worldwide at a significant pace. It can be stated that contract law or law in general is not static. Instead, laws are often quite dynamic that involve in responding to new occurrence and innovation (Schwanzer, 2007). Based on the above mentioned statement, this report intends to discuss whether software is to be classified as goods or services by taking into concern the notion of contract law along with its various implications. Discussion Specially mentioning, consumers engaged in buying software are not generally entitled to enjoy the same rights as in the case of purchasing tangible products. In this regard, it can be stated that software is a term, which is often used to describe the collection of instruction and data that facilitate computers to function in an effective manner. Evidently, computers are redundant without proper app lication of software. This implies that computers are unable to perform tasks in an effective manner without the installation of software. From the legal perspective, software is notable for two major reasons. The first major reason can be related with its unique characteristics, revealing that software is not similar to any conventional law. The second major reason can be noted as that despite the widespread use of software in the modern commercial arena, it does not have any distinct legal entity. Correspondingly, there is no specific manner through which legal treatment should be implemented to resolve software related disputes. Thus, this uncertainty largely raises a question, whether software should be considered or to be classified as goods or services (Green & Saidov, 2007). The lack of precision, surrounding the legal principle of software can be regarded as both commercially inconvenient and conceptually arbitrary. The buyers of software often possess the similar expectatio n of rights, while purchasing other items that are recognized under the law. However, in the recent time, the refusal to consider software as goods or services can be identified as the failure of law to protect the expectation and the interest of the buyers of software. Correspondingly, the two product related aspects i.e. â€Å"tangibility† and â€Å"movability’ determine the characteristics of software (Green & Saidov, 2007). In this similar context, â€Å"tangibility† is commonly defined as possessing a physical form or being able to be perceived by senses. It can be argued that this notion acted as the stumbling block towards considering software as goods. The relevancy of â€Å"tangibility† for adjudging software as a good can be ascertained owing to the reason that most of the legal system defines the sales of contract as a sort of agreement, which is associated with the transfer of property in goods in exchange of money, denoted as price. Conseque ntly, such transfer generally requires transfer of possession (Green & Saidov, 2007). However, in the case of possession of intangible service, both civil and common law signifies that possession of intangible is not possible and also cannot be owned. However, software can be acquired and possessed, making it tangible. Similarly, the aspect of â€Å"

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Essay Example for Free

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Essay The wind made in the trees branches the music olian harps. Ambrose Bierce uses allusions and imagery to create a sense of wonderment and mysteriousness for first-time readers of his historical fiction story An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge. Within this short story, a man named Peyton Farquhar is being hung from Owl Creek Bridge for trespassing into Union territory during the civil war. As he is dropped the rope breaks and he makes his escape after dropping into the river below. After swimming through gunfire and a vortex, traversing through an endless forest, and suffering thirst and weariness, Farquhar finally reaches his home. Just as he is greeted by his wife, Farquhars world ends as his neck breaks and his body is hanging from the bridge. The sudden conclusion reveals the past events, starting from the rope breaking, was all a hallucination. While the ending shocks many first-time readers, second-time readers may recognize numerous instances of foreshadowing implemented into the figurative language used to create emotion. In order to embed this foreshadowing, Bierce creates certain events in the hallucination that correspond with events outside of the hallucination. Furthermore, he adds conspicuous allusions to Greek mythology. Lastly, Bierce formulates a very unnatural and vague setting around Peyton Farquhar as he is hallucinating. Veteran readers will notice these three key components of foreshadowing. Suddenly he felt himself spinning like a top is an example of foreshadowing found in hallucination events. In the hallucination, Farquhar is spinning around in the vortex of water. In the actual events, he is spinning as he is dropping from the plank. Other examples of this style of foreshadowing exist in the story. e could no longer close them [his eyes] Conscious of the ending, veteran readers will view this quote as a sign that his neck is being constricted in real life due to the rope around his neck. Lastly, He could no longer feel the roadway beneath his feet. shows that Farquhar is in midair, and close to his death. Readers of An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge may at first consider these texts as an emphasis on the weariness of the doo med man. However, these double as premonition for the sudden conclusion. Allusions to a largely known fundament of Greek mythology, Hades, is tilized to further foreshadow the closure of the story. The road was as wide and straight as a city street. No fields bordered it, no dwelling anywhere. this quote is a metaphorical reference comparing the scene in the Farquhars mind to the River Styx in Hades. The small instance of the word fields may refer to the Fields of Asphodel, also found in Hades of Greek myth. Not so much as the barking of a dog suggested human habitation. This quote from the story is an allusion to Cerberus, the three-headed dog of the Underworld. These particular citations all refer to Hades, which is broadly used as a symbol for death. Lastly, Bierce makes use of a strange and vague setting to give readers a feeling of mysteriousness and apprehension. This setting, found towards the concluding paragraphs of the story, also heralding Farquhars death. He distinctly heard whispers in an unknown tongue suggests paranormal entities envisioned around him. In this same setting, the black trees on both sides of the road formed a straight wall, creating a dark and morbid mood with the black trees and the formal configuration of the trees. This bleak setting foreshadows death and instigates a feeling of eeriness. Rereading An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge with familiarity on the story can yield and uncover a myriad of clever and subtle foreshadowing the astounding denouement. Much of the foreshadowing is combined with plot elements, such as setting, suspenseful climax, and figurative language. Ambrose Bierce used the described techniques to contribute to the inconspicuous foreshadowing of the ending, and thus, recreated the meanings of his written words.

An Authors Credibility In The Academic Discourse Community Essay

An Author's Credibility In The Academic Discourse Community The academic discourse community has certain expectations about an argument which make the work convincing and credible to members of the community. Before the work is even considered however, the community has expectations of the author. The author must fulfill these expectations in order to be considered credible or convincing. Some general criteria for an author in the academic discourse community include having a voice in the work, credentials and experience that make him or her qualified to write on the subject, a sense of professionalism about them shown in the tone and diction of the work, and a balanced view of all sides of the issue. In the case of author Damien Cave and his article "On Sale at Old Navy Cool Clothes for Identical Zombies!" and John E. Calfee with his article "How Advertising Informs to Our Benefit" one can see the difference between an author who fulfills the academic discourse community's expectations and one who does not. While Damien Cave can be persuasiv e in some communities, neither he nor his writing is credible to the academic discourse community because he lacks the qualities that this community values in an author. One important trait that the academic discourse community looks for in literary work is a strong voice on the part of the author. In a community where independent thought and intelligence is highly valued, no one wants to hear someone summarize another's thoughts. Here, it is the author who should be somewhat of an expert on the subject matter and so the author should have the predominating voice in the work, not his sources. Cave makes two errors in this regard. First, he does not state the side of the argument that he ... ...ds a less prompted feel to his work ("AEI's Organization"). Although Calfee's article is not one hundred percent neutral and free of bias, it is much more fair and balanced than Cave's article, making it much more credible to the academic discourse community. On the whole, Damien Cave and his work would be least persuasive to the academic discourse community because he lacks qualities that would make him credible to this community. Works Cited Calfee, John E. "How Advertising Informs to Our Benefit." Consumers' Research Magazine. (April 1998). American Enterprise Institute. 1 Jan 2000 . Cave, Damien. "On Sale at Old Navy: Cool Clothes for Identical Zombies." What Matters in America: Reading and Writing About Contemporary Culture. Ed. Gary Gosharian. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. 24-29.

The Singing School: An American Tradition :: essays research papers

The Singing School: An American Tradition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Singing School was an institution that was uniquely American. it was established to serve a dual purpose: the desire to create music and the need for sociability. Generations were taught to read and sing music by itinerant singing masters, who developed characteristic methods and materials of instruction, and distinctive performance practices. Through this institution, many people were given the opportunity to participate in music, either as a singer, a teacher, or as a composer. The Singing School foreshadowed the development of church choirs and musical societies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early settlers in this country brought with them their native English music, both sacred and secular. They made use of various Psalters compiled in Europe. It was not until 1640, however, that the Puritan ministers in America made their own translation of the psalms. The Bay Psalm Book was the first book printed in British North America and was widely used. The most distinguishing feature of this book was its rhymed and metered English poetry. This allowed a few tunes, having the same rhythms as the poetry, to be used as melodies for many psalms. In addition, the text employed the vernacular, and consequently promoted memorization. The ninth edition of the Bay Psalm Book, published in 1698, was the first edition published with tunes. This edition had printed the letters F-S-L-M, representing the solmization syllables fa, sol, la, and mi, under the notes. This indicates that there was a familiarity with and an interest in music instruction as applied to psalmody.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was not until the early 18th century, however, that as a direct result of agitation by ministers for a reformation in congregational singing, arguments were advanced promoting regular singing and the eventual establishment of singing schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The singing school grew out of the employment by the churches in New England of regular singing. Records indicate that the first singing school was probably established in Boston, the most advanced town in New England, around 1720.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The singing school gradually spread throughout New England during the next twenty-five years. Throughout the eighteenth century, the scope and span of the singing schools continued to grow. The advent of the 19th century saw singing schools established from Maine to Pennsylvania.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first singing schools were church-oriented, due to the face that the original purpose of the schools was to improve congregational singing. After selecting a date (usually two to four weeks during the winter or between planting and harvesting of crops), a teacher was secured (in most cases, the local school master or an itinerant singing teacher), and location was established (either in the local school house or some other public building).

Lord Liverpool’s Government Essay

Liverpool faced many economic and financial problems, as well as some political problems. Some of these problems included national debt, unemployment, wars with France and America and popular protest groups. Each of these factors also contributed to the popular unrest which occurred during this period. Liverpool was highly effective in defeating Napoleon and also in dealing with protest groups. Additionally he was also successful in bringing about some economic prosperity as well as reducing the deficit. However he was least effective in gaining the support of Prince Regent. Liverpool was most successful in winning the war with Napoleon in 1815. Liverpool had been the only person which had been able to defeat Napoleon to date which consequently made him seem unbeatable. During the war Napoleon implemented an ‘economic blockade’. In response the British tried to stop America from trading with certain countries, this hardened American opinion of the British and they now wa nted independence. This eventually led to another war, however this was resolved in a few years. Liverpool’s military success led to him gaining much support and therefore strengthening his position. Liverpool was also successful – to an extent – in restoring economic prosperity. The war had disrupted British trade and economy and it had also encouraged British economy to over specialise in war industries which resulted in inflation and rising prices. The Corn Laws which were implemented in 1815 caused bread prices to rise rapidly in the poor harvest of 1816; this angered many working class people and caused a lot of popular unrest, it also made Liverpool very unpopular, the corn laws benefited the upper classes. Additionally by 1815 Britain had and  £861 million national debt and the deficit had reached  £13 million. The income tax which had been imposed in 1799 and brought in  £15 million was defeated by 37 votes and abolished in March 1816. This meant that the government lost a substantial amount of revenue therefore worsening the economic state of the country. Further the end of the Napoleonic war in 1815 caused depression as the economy shifted from a war economy to a peacetime one. Liverpool’s government thought lower tariffs on imported goods would mean lower prices for costumers and therefore increasing demand and stimulating trade which would mean economic prosperity. Liverpool’s main source of revenue was the indirect tax. During this time the government was also under increasing pressure gain the support of the people as in the election of 1818 they had lost seats. The government was severely embarrassed over its handling of Peterloo, the spy system and the Queen Caroline Affair. Matters were only made worse by Castlereagh’s weak defence of the government position in each of the matters. The government was in deep embarrassment and on the verge of losing support from voters. As a response Liverpool shuffled the cabinet in 1822. Canning was appointed as foreign secretary. This was highly controversial and further cabinet changes took places. This was an attempt to make the restore the people’s faith in the government and Liverpool hoped to regain some credibility. This reshuffle provided the impression of change, however this was not really the case therefore it wasn’t particularly effective in solving any problems. There was also much radical threat in Britain at the time. During this time Liverpool did several things to try and suppress radical action: introduced the six acts, suspended the Habeas Corpus and the Seditions meeting act. Also people were transported and some were executed due to Luddite protests. These acts allowed the magistrates to take action necessary in order to prevent any action which seemed revolutionary. This made the government seems repressive and reactionary. This was also the first time any government had to deal with mass protest and therefore it could be said that perhaps for the experience they had, the government dealt with matters fairly effectively. Although there are perhaps better ways in which it could have been handled the government was somewhat effective in oppressing revolutionary protest. Liverpool was clearly most effective are regards military action – winning the war with Napoleon and also restoring the peace with America. As regards to the economic and financial problems Liverpool was somewhat successful in reducing the problem rather than getting rid of it.

My Beliefs and Values

‘My Beliefs, Values, and Clinical Gestalt with Individual’s and Systems’ Paper Ariele Henderson University of Phoenix CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY: I  certify that  the attached  paper,  which was  produced for  the class identified above, is my original work and has not previously been submitted by me or by anyone else for any class. I further declare that I have cited all sources from which I used  language, ideas and information,  whether quoted  verbatim or paraphrased, and that any and all assistance of any kind, which I received while producing this paper, has been acknowledged in the References section. This paper includes no  trademarked material, logos, or images from the Internet, which I do not have written permission to include. I further agree that my name typed  on the line below is intended to have, and shall have the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's  signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature):   _________Ariele Henderson__________________ ___ ‘My Beliefs, Values, and Clinical Gestalt with Individual’s and Systems’ Paper When it comes to being a human services worker there are many needed attributes. A human service worker’s beliefs, values and clinical gestalt play very important role in how they treat and assist clients. Human service workers strive to put their clients at ease, and to help them meet their needs. Through the text exercises and classrooms discussions I have learned that there are many things that I need to work on in order to ensure that I will be an effective and productive social worker. In the exercise â€Å"Clients I might find hard to accept† I learned that it is not for me to agree or disagree with their beliefs, but it is for me to try to see things through their eyes in order to assist them properly. The goal of every human service professional is to help those in need. To do these human service professionals must not push their beliefs or values onto their clients. I will come across clients that come from different backgrounds, environments, and who different beliefs and values. None the less they are human and should be treated as such. One must keep an open mind when working with clients. When doing so clients will feel respected, confident, and comfortable. Human service professionals must learn, and grow from past experiences. A Human service professional’s repose should be calm, exhibit reliability and confidence. Clinical repose is an area that I need to work on. I need to be able to ensure that I can remain calm, regardless of what is occurring around me, or in my personal life. Large societal and system contexts, lead to immediate contexts. It is always good to know where a problem comes from, in order to find a solution that will be beneficial. Dillon & Murphy (2003) states: The clinician's anchored and relaxed presence acts as an island of calm and allows the client to stay self-focused without being distracted by the clinician's needs or anxieties. This repose is central to supportive presence. It provides a clear but unobtrusive holding environment for the work and the relationship. Clients come to know that they can count on the clinician to remain centered and steady regardless of events and developments. Even in the face of the unexpected, clinicians try to remain as calm and reliable as possible (p. 1). My personal and professional assumptions about clinical helping and their relationships to my beliefs, values, past experiences, familiar and cultural background are: that in clinical helping one must see value for the lives, health, and well being of others. In clinical helping one can learn from past experiences, from an individual’s cultural background, and maybe by even changing one’s values after learning and forming a connection with clients. Before this course I was under the impression that my beliefs, and values have no place in the human services field, I thought that leaving them out would be best for my clients, I have learned otherwise. I have come to the realization that one’s values and beliefs are what make them an excellent human services worker. Human service professionals have a genuine concern for other people. When seeking employment in the human services field, future employees look for agencies that share their beliefs and values. I would find it very difficult to work with staff members who do not try to the best of their ability to help clients due to differences in values, beliefs, backgrounds, or preconceived ideas. The National Association of Social Workers (2009) states that an ethical principal for social workers is that: Social workers treat each person in a caring and respectful fashion, mindful of individual differences and cultural and ethnic diversity. Social workers promote clients’ socially responsible self-determination. Social workers seek to enhance clients’ capacity and opportunity to change and to address their own needs. Social workers are cognizant of their dual responsibility to clients and to the broader society. They seek to resolve conflicts between clients’ interests and the broader society’s interests in a socially responsible manner consistent with the values, ethical principles, and ethical standards of the profession (p. 1). Insights that I have gained about the strengths, I have are that my strengths in listening, and open my mind to the views of my clients are needed strengths, and will be beneficial to me and my clients. There are some areas in which I have determined that I need to work on further. I need to be more aware of the gestures that I am making, and my facial expressions, so that my clients will feel comfortable, and place their trust in me. I also need to find a way to use my values and beliefs to assist clients, but not to form my opinions, or influence decisions. Dillon & Murphy (2003) acknowledges that: Individual values are cherished beliefs that develop in the context of family and sociocultural influences. Clinicians may value anything from personal autonomy to personal hygiene and can find themselves dismayed or offended by clients who do not share their value systems. As clinicians, we need to be aware of our values and how they influence our responses to clients in ways that may leave them feeling unaccepted. Clinicians must be dedicated to being nonjudgmental—unconditionally accepting people for who they are without necessarily accepting all their behaviors. The clinician's nonjudgmental stance leaves clients free to confide openly and honestly without fear of rejection, shaming, or reprisal. As we work with clients and are exposed to diverse situations and beliefs, we often find that our values are challenged and changed. A side benefit of clinical work is that our lenses are inevitably widened so that we both see and appreciate more of the world beyond our own. We ourselves stretch and grow through exposure to differences (p. 1). Human service professionals must be able to put their feelings aside in order to serve the client. It is our ethical responsibility to not let our beliefs and values get in the way of our decision making. It is up to the social workers to ensure that their clients feel comfortable, respected, and that they have confidence in them as a change agent. I believe that I have a lot to learn, and a lot of areas that I need to work on, but with practice and awareness I will go far. Reference Dillon & Murphy (2003) Interviewing in Action: Relationship, Process, and Change. Retrieved December 14, 2009, from e-books chapter 4 University of Phoenix National Association of Social Workers (2009) Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Retrieved December 14, 2009, from www. socialworkers. org/pubs/Code/code. asp Rankin (n. d. ) Motivational Interviewing in Human Services. Retrieved December 14, 2009, from http://www. media. ncrtm. org/presentations/ARCA_50/ppt/rankin. ppt

Internal Sanctions

One of John Stewart Mill’s focuses in his book Utilitarianism, is that utilitarianism has all the sanctions of other moral systems. Events or excuses that people accept as permission to continue with a choice. These sanctions derive from a wide spectrum of different approvals, usually built upon moral preference. Mill is able to categorize every human license into exist internal and external sanctions, and believes that it is possible to change your moral selection.External sanctions exist outside of the individual, independent of his mind. They may take the form of peer pressure, the fear of disapproval, or the fear of god. Internal sanctions stem from one’s conscience. These consist of feelings like discomfort or joy when one realizes the consequences of a decision. These feelings can influence actions, especially if one’s moral nature is particularly sophisticated. Internal sanctions often prove to be more powerful than any external sanctions because they do r equire more emotional attention.Because these forces are often based on individual morals and duty, there is no reason that they can’t be changed to support utilitarian principles. Some philosophers suggest that individuals are more likely to follow moral principles if the see them as object fact, rather than subjective feelings. Mill observes that regardless of what a person believes the root of a moral principle to be, his ultimate motivation is always subjective feeling. Mill focuses on if the feeling of duty is â€Å"innate or implanted,† mostly because this area is so confusing.To try and understand how both of these sanctions would affect choice, it could be explained as follows: If a religious leader, government professional or respected philosopher was to suggest to society that all our current morals were wrong and it was the purpose of humans to promote suffering among men, would society be able to change? People must be capable of internalizing this extraneo us command, and convince their conscience that it is morally acceptable. But could a person force his mind to accept such a drastic and dramatic change?Mill would way that is most definitely possible, especially for this example. People could easily be educated and socialized and develop the internal sanctions to promote suffering, but they would be artificial feelings. Since these emotions are not particularly a part of human nature or experience, the society would end up reacting more on external sanctions, with internal reactions. Sanctions are something we constantly unconsciously use to make decisions. Whether it is outside or inside forces that compel us to make a decision, our morals are the mold.

Research Paper (Ford Motor Company) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

(Ford Motor Company) - Research Paper Example The company’s customers are brand loyal and keep returning to it. Ford has also created good will in the society through its efforts in community relations. It started a breast cancer awareness campaign in which numerous celebrities were roped in. more-over, the company has extensively donated to charities and has held fund-raisers. Ford’s employee base is very strong. It offers various incentives to its employees who are motivated and deliver quality work. For instance the â€Å"thumbie† award is handed over to employees who are proficient, show strong commitment to work and to customers. The company is also known to offer high wages. As a result the staff remains content and happy. Ford has also maintained good relations and is well communicated with its current and prospective investors. The company is very prompt in its reporting’s of earnings and losses all of which can be publicly accessed. Ford’s network of distributors is very dense and has many dealers spread world over. The Weaknesses: Economic recession has worried investors at Ford about dipping sales and profits. The cash position of the company has fallen down to $4 billion from $15 billion in just a year. It also faces the possibility of a credit downgrade. As a result share-holders are not getting their desired return on investment. Ford used a â€Å"voluntary separation program† to lay off its employees during recession times. The workers were not informed about the possibility of job cuts before hand. As a result, motivation levels got affected. Even though the HR at Ford, downplayed this, but layoff hit employees hard who become insecure of their jobs. Ford also cut down on their overtime after 2001. This led to rising frustration amongst the workers for being worker and not being compensated appropriately. Around 10 plants work over time in Ford today. Ford’s relations with its customers have also been rocky. Last year it recalled around 2 mil lion vehicles which coasted the company billions of dollars. (Drucker, 1995) Performance Gaps Ford’s relationship with its customers has severed over the years. Its customer benefit program’s performance should have driven revenues home but they did not. Ford’s management was also under the wrong impression that it was handling its employees well. The performance of its employees should have improved over the years to dramatic results but it did not. Ford’s HR felt that they understood employee needs but they failed to realize that employees were more desirable of flexible benefits and communication existed within the Ford. There is a severe lack of motivation at the moment. Ford’s revenue should have been past 20 billion dollars but it is not Addressing the Gap Role of Human resource department is very important to bridge any gaps between performance expectations and performance delivered. In-order to address the weaknesses Ford needs to revamp th e morale of the employees. Conduct one-on-one performance appraisals with the employees, have a thorough understanding of employee expectations and set expectations of the company. Employees should be regularly compensated with bonuses and awards. This will automatically boost their confidence and their belongingness to the Ford. HRD should also work on good relations with the customers. For this the employees who are directly in touch with the clients should be sent through a training program on relationship management. Conferences and seminars should be conducted to groom and train the employees on this aspect. Thirdly, HR needs to hire people who are pro at their communication and bargaining skills

Management Information Systems IP Four Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Management Information Systems IP Four - Essay Example The third is the Piloting the Valero with real-time management case study in which the Valero, a Texas-based oil refinery needed a system that could be able to display real-time data about issues concerning the plant. Virtual reality is a three-dimensional space, which is a computer generated interactive space. Virtual reality immerses its users in the virtual world while the augmented reality keeps in touch with the real world. Augmented reality uses any of the three major display techniques to be able to achieve the blend of reality mixed with real-life images and graphic effects. The display techniques are hand held displays, head mounted displays that provide the virtual environment and shut out the real world, and spatial displays that mount graphical information on physical surfaces. It has been used to improve marketing in the sense that it helps involve the customers and is able to communicate to the customers in an interesting and interactive way with relevance to them. In 2009, Esquire magazine was able to use this in their advertising where they added several stickers, which had designs that had this ability. When held up to a web camera, it started interactive video segments featuring the issue’s cover, Robert Downey Jr. (Ovide, 2009). In image guided surgery, a CT scan and MRI provides the necessary data that is superimposed on the patient in the operating room. In real estate, this has been employed to help the user find information they need on the go, since smart phones have GPS, cameras and internet. Therefore, one can just point their phone on a building and the value of the building per square meter and a small photo accompanied by a live image project from the phone’s camera, hence provide real estate information on the go (Macintosh, 2010). The U.S stock markets on May 6, 2010 experienced a sudden and quick plunge at 2:42 PM, which

Working with Vulnerable Adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Working with Vulnerable Adults - Essay Example Then the study goes on to discuss the oppressive and the anti-oppressive situations that these venerable adults have to face. This is done with under the heading points of age, gender, sexuality and class. Afterwards, the essay discusses the role(s) of a social worker in helping senior people. At the end of the essay a brief conclusion is provided. Mr. Richards is 86 years old and has recently come back from the hospital after he suffered a massive stroke about a month ago. Home for him and his wife (84 years old) of 58 years is a nursing house in rural England. The nursing home is a government institution for the elderly and I happen to be a social worker in the facility. Mr. Richard grew up on a small farm and worked at the local post-office for a number of decades whereas Mrs. Richards worked as a primary school teacher. They had two children who grew-up and soon moved away to the city. However, Mr. and Mrs. Richards preferred to stay in the same town where they had worked and lived all their lives. But, due to Mr. Richards advance arthritis and heart problems and his wife's diabetic condition, they could no longer maintain and keep their home. Their children didn't have the resources or the time to take care of their elderly parents. With no other option in mind, their local social worker along with their children's help slowly convinced the Richards of the merits of staying at nursing facility. However, upon arriving at the facility after selling the house and most of their belongings, the Richards soon realized that there were a number of hurdles and obstacles to living in a nursing home that they had not anticipated. But, on the other hand, there is no question of going back and living an independent life. With the rapid speed with which the world is changing it is not possible to live in this world without updating one's education, knowledge and life-style on a daily basis. In other words even the young people of today constantly have to update almost every aspect of their daily lives. This automatically brings us to the point that if the youngsters of today have to update their lives at such a constant basis, what would the elderly do But, on the other hand life expectancy is rapidly increasing; therefore, we cannot simply expect our elderly to pass away. According to Than (2006), the increase in the life span of a person simply implies that the time of death has been m oved forward. This of course does not mean that the person will not die. He/She will, only it will take a few more years. Never in the history of mankind have we discussed ageing and old age processes as ardently as we have begun to do so now. This fact has been clearly mentioned in the direct citation, which is given as follows; "We clearly live in an era characterized by the aging of our population. Low birth rates and increasing life expectancy are leading to dramatic shifts in the age structure. By the year 2030, after most of the baby boomers have reached old age, it's projected that one out of every five Americans will be 65 years of age or older. And steady increases are expected in the numbers of persons at the more advanced ages-the "oldest-old" or those 85 years and older-who are most likely